Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El aporte de la Iglesia católica al proceso de democratización es reconocido en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, sin embargo, existió incluso en épocas anteriores. México aporta un ejemplo de este rol temprano de la Iglesia católica en el proceso de formación ciudadana y democratización, durante la larga dictadura liberal de Porfirio Díaz. En este artículo se examinará la actuación de la Iglesia católica en un espacio regional, el estado de Chihuahua, desde el final del Porfiriato hasta la consolidación del régimen posrevolucionario. La tesis que se defiende es que la Iglesia y la sociedad civil católica actuaron para propiciar el surgimiento de la ciudadanía moderna y la participación democrática en la política regional, siendo como un freno a las derivas antidemocráticas y totalitarias que se iban gestando en las estructuras y la nueva clase política del régimen posrevolucionario.

El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta del proceso de construcción de la ciudadanía emprendido por las mujeres católicas en Sonora a partir de su activa participación en oposición a las políticas anticlericales impuestas por los gobiernos emanados de la Revolución durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. Se propone que el asociacionismo promovido por la diócesis sonorense desde el periodo porfirista y la transformación social generada por la Revolución mexicana fueron incentivos para que las mujeres católicas sonorenses configuraran la cara visible de la resistencia católica en el estado. A través del análisis de sus estrategias para la defensa de la libertad religiosa en el transcurso de tres olas anticlericales (1914, 1926 y 1932) es posible observar que su respuesta a dichas políticas llevó a las mujeres católicas a la construcción de agencia humana, la identificación de sus derechos, el desarrollo de estrategias para su defensa y su autorreconocimiento como ciudadanas.

El presente artículo tiene como objeto central analizar el proceso de construcción de la identidad ciudadana-católica, así como de las redes fundadas por el activismo católico femenino durante el periodo de la Revolución y posrevolución mexicana. Se recurre al estudio de caso de la Unión de Damas Católicas Mexicanas (1912-1932) con el fin de enfatizar la forma en que la militancia católica femenina logró defender su vida devocional y religiosa del papel tradicional de la mujer como cuidadora y encargada del espacio doméstico. Esta identidad les otorgó voz política y pública para defender a la Iglesia y a la religión frente al laicismo posrevolucionario.

El objetivo es analizar el contenido de diez encíclicas clave de León XIII, previas a Rerum novarum, para identificar las ideas promovidas por el papa, sobre el papel de los católicos en la creación de una cultura ciudadana y de la sociedad civil, en el paso del siglo xix al xx. Planteo que el énfasis que puso el papa en una política proactiva —más que de confrontación con los Estados liberales— constituyó una estrategia exitosa para detonar el amplio activismo católico. Concluyo que, a través de este conjunto de encíclicas, mediante la adopción de un lenguaje secular y de varios conceptos del liberalismo político, el papa construyó una argumentación fundada en tres ideas: el buen católico debe ejercer con plenitud sus derechos ciudadanos, está obligado a participar en la toma de decisiones de los asuntos públicos y es determinante para la estabilidad de regímenes políticos democráticos.

El artículo rastrea los efectos en el catolicismo mexicano de la encíclica Immortale Dei, proclamada por el papa León XIII en 1885. En comparación con los múltiples estudios sobre el impacto de la encíclica Rerum novarum (1891) en México, la atención puesta en la Immortale Dei ha sido prácticamente nula hasta ahora. Esta investigación analiza la relevancia de este documento en el contexto del pontificado leonino. Asimismo, el artículo identifica cómo se configuró en el México de siglo XIX la noción de una ciudadanía católica, principal componente de la Immortale Dei. Por medio de esta encíclica, la investigación establece la relación y las diferencias entre los católicos del siglo XIX, arruinados políticamente tras la caída del Segundo Imperio, y el fuerte activismo social y político que caracterizó a los laicos del siglo XX enfrentados a la preeminencia ideológica del liberalismo y del anticlericalismo revolucionario.

Conforme el turismo, independientemente de sus modalidades, ha ido creciendo en la península de Yucatán, las comunidades locales han ido modificando sus estrategias de vida hacia unas más especializadas en este ámbito. Esta situación debilita a los hogares y las comunidades porque se vuelven más dependientes de fuerzas y dinámicas externas, modifica sus instituciones, monetiza más sus economías y hace menos resilientes sus estrategias de vida. En este artículo realizo un acercamiento conceptual de los modelos de subsistencia y planteo la necesidad de decrecer la actividad turística para que las comunidades fortalezcan sus estrategias y medios de vida locales. Utilizo como estudio de caso la comunidad de Punta Laguna, en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Otoch Ma’ax Yetel Kooh.

Purpose: To understand the migratory practices of Mexican and foreign nationals who aim to cross the Mexico–United States border, analyzing their positioning within this social space from the perspective of Bourdieu and his Theory of Practice. Methodological design: Through a qualitative-naturalistic approach using the ethnographic method, interviews were conducted with 27 international migrants in transit, located at the border of Nogales, Sonora. The participants originated from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, and Nicaragua. Results: The study identified the reasons that led Mexican and Central American migrants to undertake their migratory journey. Additionally, migratory practices were analyzed through three key elements: the field, understood as a geographical and social space; the migrant’s habitus, defined as a system of enduring and transferable dispositions; and social capital, considered a set of resources and information available within their support network. Research limitations: While the findings provide insights into the experiences of migrants during their journey, they cannot be generalized, as they represent only a fragment of the broader migratory practice. Findings: Migrants have been victims of systematic acts of aggression during their transit through Mexico and are aware of the abuses committed by both organized crime and public officials. As a result, they have normalized their status as victims of human rights violations and abuse, fostering a culture of acceptance of mistreatment within the migrant community. Methodological design: through a qualitative-naturalistic approach with the ethnographic method, 27 international migrants in transit located on the border of Nogales, Sonora, originating from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba and Nicaragua, were interviewed. Results: the reasons that Mexican and Central American migrants had to begin the migratory journey were determined, and migratory practices through the countryside as a geographical and social space, the migrant's habitus as a system of lasting and transferable dispositions and through capital were described social as a resource and information component of the support network. Limitations of the research: the results presented allow us to understand the reality of migrants during their journey, however, they cannot be generalized, only a fragment of the migratory practice is described. Findings: migrants have been victims of routine practices and expressions of aggression during their passage through Mexico and are aware of situations of abuse by organized crime and public servants, which is why they accept their status as victims of rape and/or abuse. of human rights, creating a culture of acceptance of abuse among migrants.

Purpose: To know and analyze the circular economy (CE) and inclusive recycling (IR), the work of informal waste recovery carried out by waste pickers on public roads in Leon, Guanajuato. Methodological design: Mixed study through: a) design of the instrument to obtain information on the waste recovery work, b) the instrument application under an intentional sample of people in this activity on public roads in Leon in 2023, c) semi-structured interview with municipal program staff; and, d) organization and discussion of the information obtained. Results: There are more than 1 500 people who work informally on the margins of economic necessity, salvaging recoverable waste to obtain income from its commercialization. They are men and women with low qualifications, limiting their access to the formal economy. They present conditions of precariousness in their work, but perceive less social hostility toward them. They generate contributions to CE by supplying materials to the recycling industry. Research limitations: In-depth interviews were not conducted due to the limited time offered by them during their work, which prevented knowing their perception of the public contributions derived from their work to CE. Findings: 1) Waste recovery contributes directly to CE; however, the orthodox vision of CE prevents its contributions from being recognized. 2) The municipal program of the Network of Urban Waste Pickers of the public sanitation agency of Leon shows signs of Inclusive Recycling, but the absence of progress generates inequality for the different participants of the CE. 3) The term “CE from below” is proposed to recognize the contributions of the informal waste pickers to the CE.

Purpose: To analyze the discourses on LGBTQ+ rights in Mexico by analyzing Spanish-language YouTube comments, to understand how discrimination, marginalization, and social perceptions of LGBTQ+ individuals are constructed and reproduced in digital spaces. Methodological design: A qualitative approach grounded in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA, following Fairclough’s four-stage model (2013), was employed. A corpus titled LGBTQ+dis was compiled from comments on 16 YouTube videos selected using intuitive search terms related to LGBTQ+ topics. A filtered subset of 5 496 comments containing relevant terms was retained from an initial pool of 27 438 comments, resulting in a corpus of 421 639 words. The AntConc software was used to examine concordances and word frequencies. Results: The analysis revealed widespread use of discriminatory language, stereotypes, and exclusionary themes, reflecting broader societal prejudices against LGBTQ+ individuals. Nonetheless, the comments also included expressions of solidarity, support, and advocacy, highlighting YouTube as a contested space where both marginalizing and empowering discourses coexist. Research limitations: The use of intuitively selected search terms and publicly available comments limits the data´s representativeness and excludes perspectives from less digitally active users. Findings: Digital discourse on LGBTQ+ issues in Mexico reveals tension between dominant narratives of exclusion and emergent counter-narratives advocating for equality and recognition. These dynamics emphasize the importance of fostering inclusive digital literacy and public awareness to challenge discriminatory discourse and promote LGBTQ+ communities’ visibility and dignity.

Purpose: To develop and validate a measurement scale to assess university students' social responsibility, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Methodological design: A literature review, expert evaluation, and statistical assessment were conducted through the application of 265 electronic questionnaires to university graduates. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of the second-order measurement model were performed to establish the structure of the measures, ensuring both convergent and discriminant validity. The explanatory and predictive power and goodness of fit of the model are established. Results: An instrument consisting of eight constructs and 49 items was generated to assess the three study variables. Factor loadings were greater than 0.500 for most items, the AVE remained above 0.508 for all cfirst and second order constructs, Cronbach's Alpha and CR were greater than 0.750, while the Fronell-Larcker criterion was satisfactory, and the HTMT was less than 0.808 for all cases. Research limitations: The analysis carried out in a single region requires extension to other areas of the country by applying probability sampling for the generalization of results. Findings: The study yielded a valid and reliable instrument, confirming the multidimensional nature of university students’ social responsibility (four factors) and organizational commitment (three factors), as well as the unidimensionality of job satisfaction. The instrument demonstrated an adequate goodness of fit for examining university students’ social responsibility, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction.