Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Corn stunt disease (CS) is caused by Spiroplasma kunkelii, Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) and Maize striate mosaic virus (MSMV) and transmitted by Dalbulus maidis. During 2023–2024, it severely affected corn production in Argentina, with losses of 20 %. Fourteencommercial maize hybrids were evaluated in locations across the Argentine Northwest (NOA) to determine their performance, incidence and severity in response to the disease. The results showed incidence values ranging from 8 % to 100 %, with severity varying among the hybrids. The performance was above average in SYN505VIP3, DK7210PRO4, DK7220PRO4, P2297PWUE,and PAN5175PWU. SYN505VIP3 showed mild symptoms and low severity. Although DK7210PRO4, DK7220PRO4, P2297PWUE, and PAN5175PWU had more severe symptoms, their performance was not significantly impacted, though there was some variability in P2297PWUE and PAN5175PWU. Incontrast, BRV8380PWE, DK7272VT3P, BRV8421PWUE, ZEFIRPWU, andNEXT22.6PWUE, with similar severity, had below-average performance, with particularly high severity in NEXT22.6PWUE and ZEFIRPWU. Regression analysis revealed that the severity index explains 72 % of the variability inperformance, with each additional unit of severity associated with an average reduction of 15.96 kg/ha in yield. This underscores the importance of selecting suitable hybrids to mitigate the impact of CS.

Laurus nobilis, Citrus limon, Eucalyptus cinerea and Aloysia polystachya essential oils, and pure (R)-(−)-carvone compound are potential bactericides against the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides MS1. This strain can alter Vienna sausages by growing under anaerobic conditions, producing gas and causing packages to swell. The objectives of this work were to determine the minimum inhibitory and the minimum bactericidal concentrations of essential oils from Laurus nobilis, Citrus limon, Eucalyptus cinerea, Aloysia polystachya essential oils, and (R)-(−)-carvone, using the broth macrodilution technique, and to evaluate their effect on the sensitivity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides MS1 in the food matrix during 42 days. Low minimum inhibitory and bactericidalconcentrations of the essential oils and pure compound were found, indicating that Leuconostoc mesenteroides MS1 is sensitive to them. Furthermore, 0.70 mL of Aloysia polystachya and 0.50 mL of Eucalyptus cinerea, Laurus nobilis and (R)-(−)-carvone were found to maintain viable cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides MS1 at the initial count of 103 CFU g-1 in 2.5 g of sterile sausage samples.

Bambara groundnut is considered a promising underutilized crop with potential to contribute to future food security. Understanding the associations among agronomic traits provides insight into their potential exploitation for yieldimprovement through agronomic and breeding interventions. The objective of thisresearch was to assess the association between grain yield and its contributingtraits using path coefficient analysis. The experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Pearson correlation analysis showed a highly significant association between days to 50 % flowering and plant height (r = 0.85**). Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height (0.113), number of pods/plant (0.400158), number of seeds/pod (0.041182), and 100-seed weight/plot (0.016093) had a positive direct effect on seed yield. Leaf area (-0.10851) and days to 50 % flowering (-0.21159) had a negative direct effect on seed yield. Among these traits, the number of pods/plant had the highest positive effect, while days to 50 % flowering had thehighest negative effect. The present study showed that characters including plant height and number of pods per plant need to be considered for indirect selection for improving seed yield for Bambara groundnut improvement.  

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a major source of oil, is the second most widely cultivated legume crop worldwide after soybean. Argentina is the largest producer of confectionery peanuts in Latin America and the seventh in the world. This legume has bioactive compounds of nutritional value, phytosterols among the most important ones. Phytosterols protect against cancer and lower cholesterol rates. The objective of this work was to adjust and refine a method to identify and quantify phytosterol content in peanut seeds by gas chromatography. The method was found to be accurate, as demonstrated through repeatability and reproducibility tests, and expressed by the coefficients of variation. No significant differences were found between the results obtained and the reference values using a confidence level of 95 % and 5 degrees of freedom. The results obtained in this work presented 44.31 mg of beta-sitosterol and 3.39 mg of stigmasterol per 100 g of roasted peanuts, in agreement with the values reported in the literature.

In response to consumer demand for healthier foods, this study analyzed phenolic extracts from peanut skins, a by-product with antioxidant properties. Argentine Runner and Virginia peanut varieties were evaluated, comparing yields, chemical compositions, and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compoundswere extracted using 70 % ethanol, and analyses included extraction yield, proximate composition, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and phenolic composition by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH, TEAC, Fe²+ chelation, OH· scavenging, and sunflower oil oxidation assays (Rancimat and oven test). Virginia peanut skins exhibited higher extraction yield (18.96 g/100 g) and TPC (230.27 mg GAE/g) compared to Runner skins (10.96 g/100 g, and 79.63 mg GAE/g, respectively). Various phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in both extracts. The Virginia extract was richer in coutaric acid and procyanidins, while the Runner extract had higher levels of malonyl caffeoyl quinic acid and quercetin. The Virginia extract had stronger activity in DPPH and TEAC assays, but weaker OH· scavenging activity compared to the Runner extract. Both extracts performedcomparably to BHT in the oven test on sunflower oil. These results support thefeasibility of using peanut skins as a sustainable antioxidant source for the foodindustry.

Thrips (Thysanoptera) constitute one of the pest groups of strawberry crops. The objectives of the study were to expand the information on the association of thrips species with the strawberry crop in Argentina by collecting these insects from leaves, flowers and fruits of the crop in the province of Jujuy to present an illustrated key for the determination of the species found in the country. Every fifteen days, between June and December 2022, sixty leaves, sixty flowers and sixty strawberry fruits were extracted from three farms in Jujuy. In total, 2279 thrips were collected, 41% in leaves, 39% in flowers and 20% in fruits, and the five species were identified: Caliothrips phaseoli Hood, Frankliniella gemina Bagnall, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Neohydatothrips burungae (Hood) and Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin), in addition to Thrips tabaci Lind., Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtidothrips torquatus Hood and Haplothrips (Trybomiella) trellesi Moulton, cited for Argentina. In Jujuy, the dominant species in leaves was C. phaseoli, and F. schultzei stood out in flowers and fruits. The identification key will allow determining the species of thrips directly associated with strawberry cultivation in Argentina.

The synergy between spectral indices and land surface temperature (LST) has been used as an indicator of crop status and soil moisture (SM). However, studies of the response times of these to changes in SM in the soil profile arescarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and response times of LST and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to changes in SM as a determining factor of barley and wheat water status in the southeasternArgentine Pampas. Daily SM and LST were provided by stations installed over the crops, and NDWI from Sentinel 2 (S2). Results showed instantaneous correlations between SM and LST (r > -0.65) for soil depths explored by croproots (20-50 cm). No consistent relationship between NDWI and SM was observed, suggesting NDWI limitation for short-time changes in SM in humid and sub-humid conditions. During the critical period of crops, the relationship between NDWI and SM showed high correlation (r > 0.92) only at 10 cmwhen considering 1-day time lag. This study contributes to the understanding of spectral behavior of crops in the optical and thermal spectrum in field conditions, which is key to evaluating the usefulness of these data for monitoring agricultural systems.

In wheat breeding programs, it is essential to define an optimum databasestructure for the effective comparison of cultivars. This work aimed to determine the ideal number of years, replications, and test locations to evaluate the yield and quality of wheat cultivars for reliable comparison. The data evaluated were obtained from the Argentine Comparative Trials Network for Wheat Cultivars, which includes evaluations with and without fungicides, and different sowing dates. The following grain variables were analyzed: yield, ash percentage, farinograph stability, wet gluten concentration, test weight, thousandgrain weight, protein concentration, percent flour yield, bread volume, and alveograph strength. Variance components were obtained using restrictedmaximum likelihood. The results indicated an optimum number of replicates of at least four for yield and between two and six for quality. At least five locations are required to evaluate yield, but quality varies depending on the trait, with four locations being sufficient for most. In general, four years of trials were sufficient.These results will improve the efficiency and reliability of bread wheat cultivar testing networks.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la gobernanza turística ejercida por ocho grupos implicados en la asociación conocida como Caminos Sagrados de Maya Ka’an en el territorio conformado por los municipios de Tulum, Felipe Carrillo Puerto y José María Morelos del estado de Quintana Roo, México. La investigación, llevada a cabo entre los años 2017-2018 utilizando la observación participante, el análisis de redes y la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a integrantes de los grupos de la asociación, consultores, tour-operadoras, organizaciones no gubernamentales y autoridades ejidales, comunales y gubernamentales nos reveló un sistema asociativo complejo sostenido en una temporalidad reconstruida de 80 años (1935-2019). Un total de 114 actores sostienen un entramado multiinteractivo en el cual la colaboración, la cooperación, la afiliación y el conflicto son los vínculos más representativos. Si bien en este esquema de gobernanza los siete grupos que integran Caminos Sagrados son trascendentales, en especial Xyaat y Community Tours Sian Ka’an, el actor con más intervención en el territorio, donde opera la asociación Caminos Sagrados, es la organización no gubernamental de conservación ambiental Amigos de Sian Ka’an. No obstante, el éxito de la gobernanza articulada por esta no significa que los otros actores en marginación histórica (como los mayas cruzo’ob o las mujeres de Orquídeas de Sian Ka’an, integrantes de Caminos Sagrados) logren empoderarse y gestionen sus territorios de forma más equitativas. Por lo anterior, las conclusiones enfatizan que la gobernanza es un problema perverso que aborda realidades complejas, ambiguas y sin solución definitiva (Rittel y Webber 1973), pero en cuyo proceso se esconde la asimetría de condiciones para las decisiones territoriales (Scott 2019), donde la misma adversidad es promovida como estrategia para recrear y resignificar el territorio.

El turismo rural comunitario (TRC) plantea la posibilidad, para las comunidades locales, de apropiarse de una actividad económica nueva, abriendo paso al diseño de una visión diferente del desarrollo. Este artículo examina las características del desarrollo que construyen las comunidades rurales, a través del caso del TRC en la península de Yucatán. A partir de informaciones recolectadas desde 2012 con los actores de iniciativas locales, observamos que el turismo se integra en la forma de vida de las comunidades, con particular énfasis en aspectos territoriales, socioculturales, ambientales y organizacionales. El TRC forma parte de un conjunto de estrategias de adaptación a los cambios actuales, dibujando empíricamente su propia visión de la sostenibilidad y construyendo nuevas alternativas de desarrollo que pueden ser entendidas bajo el paradigma del posdesarrollo.