Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Diseases in the terminal phase lead to death in a variable time, are progressive and cause intense symptoms. Palliative Care contributes to maintaining or improving quality of life at this stage. Having an Advance Directive Document for the assistance of the interdisciplinary team in Palliative Care, in charge of the intervention of these people with this type of pathology, will allow us to know and respond to the set of needs that arise during the process of the disease and end of life. Objective: Analyze the benefits and limitations of the advance directives law in Costa Rica, for people with terminal illnesses from the Palliative Care approach.   Methodology The descriptive study included a qualitative literature review and two conferences on Advance Wills, given in 2022. Search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed were used. 21 articles were analyzed between 2017 and 2023, classified according to Sackett's level of evidence: V (17), IV (3), and III (1). Results: Advance Directives contribute significantly to the philosophy of Palliative Care by allowing people to make decisions about their treatment, thus ensuring dignified and respectful care. VA law in Costa Rica respects people's autonomy, avoiding euthanasia and ensuring that their wishes are carried out even when they can no longer express them. This relieves the decision-making burden on families/caregivers and professionals, improves quality of life by avoiding unwanted treatments, and can reduce medical costs. However, the effectiveness of the law is limited by the lack of awareness and the need to strengthen its implementation and education. Conclusions: The advance directives law in Costa Rica can improve end-of-life care by respecting patient autonomy, but it is crucial to enhance education and implementation to maximize its benefits.

Objective: Identify controversial management strategies for acute pancreatitis in the context of an emergency department and the literature that supports or rejects them. Methodology: A qualitative narrative systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various strategies in the management of acute pancreatitis in the emergency department. Articles published between 2018 and 2025 were searched in recognized databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus, both in Spanish and English. Results: A total of 28 scientific articles were included, covering approaches such as aggressive intravenous hydration, early nutrition and feeding routes, prophylactic antibiotic use, invasive interventions such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous, abdominal, or surgical drainage. Their associations with complications, length of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and disease severity were examined, providing an updated framework for clinical decision-making in this setting. Conclusions: The use of goal-directed fluid therapy is recommended versus aggressive hydration. Oral nutrition should be started as soon as possible, depending on the patient's tolerance. If clinically indicated, a nasogastric tube is preferred over a naso-jejunal tube, with some exceptions. Parenteral nutrition is reserved as a last resort or as a backup if nutritional goals are not achieved. Antibiotic therapy should be used only in select cases where an infectious process is confirmed or strongly suspected, and not routinely as a prophylactic measure. Urgent ERCP is recommended only in cases with concomitant persistent cholangitis or cholelithiasis. More invasive interventions should be stepwise, exhausting noninvasive treatments and involving multidisciplinary assessments.

The main objective of this systematic review of the literature is to present the existing protocols that clinically evaluate the tongue tie in infants. The search was carried out in PUBMED, Google Scholar, SCIELO, Science Direct, COCHRANE and BVS databases with the Mesh terms of “Ankyloglossia”, “Lingual frenulum”, and “Frenectomy”. Being selected a total of 15 original articles from 1993 to 2020 with various protocols for clinical evaluation of the frenulum of the tongue. When evaluating the different existing protocols, it was identified that the most widely used worldwide is the ATLFF, there were also references to the Kotlow Assessment Method, to protocols proposed by Amir, Teja-Ángeles, Martinelli and the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, among others. The existing protocols in the literature have limitations regarding the age of application. Despite the existing information, there is still controversy regarding the alterations of the lingual frenulum and its consequences for the functions of the stomatognathic system and few studies with good levels of scientific evidence that support the established behaviors as demonstrated by this integrative review. It is essential to have reliable evaluation methods and trained professionals. Therefore, more well-designed clinical studies are needed for the detailed analysis of the parameters used by health professionals during the evaluation of tongue-tie in infants using the Tongue Test

This case study describes the evaluation and treatment of a 60-year-old homemaker who suffered an ischemic stroke in 2018, resulting in right hemiparesis and aphasia. Her rehabilitation was approached using the Bobath Concept, with an emphasis on postural control, alignment, locomotion, and selective movement, within a context of specific functional goals and active patient participation. After 7 sessions in 3 weeks, the patient showed functional improvement: she went from 14 to 20 points on the Tinetti Scale and decreased the time of the Get Up and Go test from 39 to 33 seconds. 

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Córdoba (Argentina) has 4,484 ha dedicated to olive cultivation. The orchards established in the last century were characterized by low planting density and heterogeneous varietal constitution with dubious names. To solve this problem, it is possible to use genetic markers that allow materials to be characterized and identified. The objectives of the work were: to characterize and identify, using microsatellites, local olive genotypes from the Department of Cruz del Eje and to determine the intravarietal diversity of plants called Arbequina, Arauco and Manzanilla varieties. Olive plants, selected for yield, fruit quality and/or good response to biotic and abiotic stress, were analyzed together with accessions from the Olive Collection of INTA Junín (Mendoza-Argentina) and the World Germplasm Bank (Córdoba-Spain) with known identity. The diversity of genotypes associated with the reference cultivars Arauco, Manzanilla and Arbequina was determined with 17 microsatellites. Six local genotypes were identified. The most polymorphic microsatellites were Gapu 103A and UDO43 and the least informative Gapu 71B and EMO 90. The Gapu 71B microsatellite differentiated Nevadillo Negro from the rest of the materials. The genotype called Arauco Olly presented the same genetic profile as the Arauco Centenario cultivar and the genotype locally called “21 Kg” was identified.

Lettuce is cultivated on over one million hectares worldwide, with Argentina contributing 40,000 ha. Córdoba province is the second-largest producer in Argentina, but its green belt has seen significant reductions in cultivated areas. New environmentally friendly technologies are needed to improve, sustain and increase lettuce volume production. This study aimed to use plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a sustainable alternative to enhance lettuce production (Lactuca sativa L.) growth while mitigating environmental impact. Two PGPR strains, Bacillus velezensis RI3 and Pseudomonas psychrophila P10, were tested in both in vitro and field experiments. Parameters such as shoot dry weight, root dry weight, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency were assessed. The in vitro study results demonstrated significant improvements in shoot and root dry weights for both inoculated treatments compared to the control. Field experiments, conducted on 90 m² plots, also demonstrated significant increases in shoot dry weight, with Pseudomonas psychrophila showing a 28.57 % increase and Bacillus velezensis a 8.44 % increase compared to controls. This study highlights the potential of Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas psychrophila as effective biofertilizers, promoting sustainable lettuce cultivation. Further research is recommended to explore the mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions to optimize PGPR application in agricultural practices.

The study evaluated the impact of fungicide programs (FPs) on disease control in soybean during the 2021/2022 season in La Paloma, Katueté and Nueva Esperanza (Canindeyú, Paraguay). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was evaluated for the predominant diseases, defoliation, and yield. In addition, the control efficacy (CE) and the reduction in productivity (RP) were calculated. Variance analysis was conducted on factors FP, Location, and their interaction, using Tukey’s test at a 5 % error level for mean comparisons. Target spot (TS) and Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) were the predominant diseases in all locations. Asian soybean rust (ASR) occurred only in Nueva Esperanza and Katueté. FPs reduced AUDPC up to 64, 85 and 73 %, on average, for TS, ASR and CLB, respectively, leading to increased yield, on average, between 9 and 27 %, compared to the control. La Paloma achieved the highest yield (4651 kg ha-1) and lower defoliation (61 %), followed by Katueté (4330 kg ha-1 with 70 % of defoliation), and Nueva Esperanza (3739 kg ha-1 with 86 % of defoliation). This study provides strategies to optimize fungicide use in soybean management in Paraguay, highlighting sequential applications and rotation of modes of action.

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, significantly reduces crop yield and leads to increased costs associated with fungicide application. A comprehensive literature review was conducted covering the period from 2000 to 2023, focusing on articles related to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the MERCOSUR region (including Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). This systematic review compiled findings from 474 scientific articles, examining publication trends, authorship, countries, citations, and research topics. Key topics included genetic mutations in the describedorganisms, control efficiency data to assess trends in fungicide efficiency, and areas under the disease progress curve. Since 2005, the number of publications has doubled, with Brazil leading the research. The review highlights the growing prevalence of mutations in P. pachyrhizi, which contribute to reduced fungicide efficacy and increased resistance.