Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Purpose: to know the interventions carried out in orofacial myofunctional therapy that currently exist in adult patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: the search was carried out in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo, Science Direct, Cochrane and BVS databases with the Mesh terms of “Obstructive Sleep Apnea”, “Myofunctional Therapy, and “Speech Therapy”. A total of 12 original articles were selected from 2003 to 2023 with various interventions in orofacial myofunctional therapy. Results: muscle strengthening of the upper airway, through this speech therapy intervention, generates significant benefits and improvements in the signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. In addition to subjective improvement in daytime sleepiness and sleep quality. Significant improvements were also evident in neck circumference, witnessed apnea, and snoring intensity. Conclusion: all articles in the study propose applying various interventions in myofunctional therapy and affirm improvement in the quality of nighttime sleep, influencing a decrease in daytime sleepiness, an increase in oropharyngeal muscle tone, reduction in the severity of OSAS and in general an improvement in the quality of life of the subjects investigated.

Magnetotherapy, which uses magnetic fields to induce electric fields in the treated tissues, has proven effective in the recovery of avulsion fractures. This therapy promotes osteoblast formation and bone regeneration. It is especially useful in areas where soft tissues attach to the bone, such as tendons and ligaments, and has gained support in physiotherapy and orthopedics. The case report presented below involves a 33-year-old patient who suffered an avulsion fracture of the tip of the external malleolus of the left ankle. She received home care with a physiotherapeutic approach, including 36 sessions of physical therapy, which incorporated doses of magnetotherapy, electrophysical agents, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise, resulting in a 100% improvement in bone remodeling and functional recovery of her left tibiofibular-astragalus joint. Conclusions: Magnetotherapy emerges as a promising tool for treating fractures through pulsed magnetic fields that stimulate cellular activity, promote calcium deposition, and improve local vascularization, facilitating bone consolidation. Proper assessment and clinical reasoning in therapeutic decision-making lead to the correct dosage of these treatment methods.

The main activity of peasants in the Valle de Conlara is cattle grazing in degraded native forests. In similar regions, excluding cattle during rainy seasons allows for better conditions of the herbaceous layer and soil in forests. Complementary use of implanted pastures makes this possible. The objective was to evaluate the effects of seasonal exclosure (vs. continuous) and complementary use of an exotic pasture, on forage biomass and quality, and soils. For two years, wet (842 mm/year) and dry (521 mm/year), three plots with a different treatment were monitored: forest with six years of summer exclosure, forest without exclosure, and Panicum coloratum pasture on a cleared site. The plot with exclosures vs. without exclosures had 2.5 times more native grass cover, 1.9 to 3.4 times more Aboveground Net Primary Production (dry and wet years, respectively), and four times more seed bank density. The soil had greater litter cover and infiltration capacity, lesser bare soil area, and higher percentage of C, P and N. The productivity of P. coloratum doubled native grasses in the rested forest. Using it during summer, allows the herbaceaous layer of the forest to rest and defers it towards the winter, maintaning better quality than the pasture.  

In the Frailesca region of Chiapas, Mexico, conventional sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production has decreased soil fertility, primarily by reducing its organic matter. This makes it necessary to look for alternatives to increase its yield, since it is an important cereal for animal feed. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and productive response of sorghum to the application of three doses of compost. It was conducted during the spring-summer 2018 agricultural cycle, under rainfed conditions in the municipality of Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico. The treatments were a control and three doses of compost (10, 20 and, 30 t/ha-1), incorporated into the soil before planting. Four experimental plots per treatment were established using a completely randomized design. The response variables were agronomic and productive, and they were evaluated using analysis of variance and a mean comparison test. Both the agronomic parameters (plant height, stem thickness and biomass fresh weight) and the productive parameters (grain weight and yield, panicle length and weight) were statistically superior in the 20 and 30 t/ha-1 compost treatments compared to the 10 t/ha-1 treatment and the control.

Schinopsis marginata Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is a dominant native tree of the Chaco Serrano Forest of Argentina. The objectives were to characterize the morphology and anatomy of the fruit, seed and seedling, describe the morphology of the seedling in the nursery and establish relationships with the germination: water uptake and radicle emission. Microscopy, laboratory and nursery germination, and staining techniques were applied for anatomical, morphological and water uptake characterization. The definition of the fruit as samara is based on morphology and anatomy, and new data on the pericarp and its function as a mechanical barrier during root emergence are provided. The morphology and anatomy of the seed is characterized for the first time with the novelty of the vestigial aril. In the embryo, the storage function of the cotyledons is verified. The morphology of the nursery seedling was confirmed and diagnostic characters were established for its recognition. In relation to the germination, the path taken by the water is determined and it is verified that the macrosclereids of the mesocarp constitute the physical barrier to water uptake. The function of the aril in the opening of the endocarp in the imbibition phase is suggested, which favors root emergence.

White maize is a staple food for Andean populations in Ecuador, particularly in rural and impoverished areas. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of mycorrhizae fungi and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of white maize in the Andean conditions of Loja, Ecuador. The field trial was conducted in Loja, Ecuador, using a completely randomized design arranged in a bifactorial scheme. The first factor involved the mycorrhizae inoculation, comprising three doses: 0 (control), 330 and 660 spores per plant of the mycorrhizal fungi. The second factor focused on nitrogen fertilizer, with three doses: 0 (control), 40 and 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen applied throughout the crop cycle. The combination of mycorrhizal inoculation and nitrogen fertilization promoted plant height and stem diameter: the best results were attained when applying 330 spores per plant of mycorrhizae and 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Independent nitrogen and mycorrhizal application significantly increased the cob number per plant, grain weight and yield, reaching a maximum of 9.9 t ha-1. Notably, mycorrhizae inoculation significantly increased grain nitrogen content by 7 % compared to the control, which suggests its potential to enhance the dietary quality and food security of the Andean population.

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and nationally. Cardiovascular rehabilitation is a therapeutic process that reduces symptoms, morbidity and mortality, improves functional capacity, quality of life and psychological well-being of people with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular rehabilitation programs traditionally include health education focused on the control of cardiovascular risk factors, physical training, with aerobic work plus psychosocial intervention, without including the strength component. Objective: to determine the effect of an aerobic exercise plus muscle strength program of Phase II Cardiovascular Rehabilitation on the aerobic resistance and muscle strength of older adults with cardiovascular disease. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective observational study. The pre and post results of 199 older adults who participated in the Phase II Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program of the National Hospital of Geriatrics and Gerontology were taken, between 2014 and 2019, aerobic resistance and muscle strength data of older adults with cardiovascular disease were reviewed. The program consisted of two groups that carried out 24 and 32 work sessions that included aerobic training and muscle strength. Mixed ANOVA analysis of variance was performed for each variable, the results are expressed as average ± standard deviation, significance level set at p≤0.05. Results: statistically significant differences were identified in Aerobic Endurance [Six minutes’ walk (Distance walked improved with a magnitude of change of 45.8 m, p<0.001; oxygen consumption (VO2) improved with a magnitude of change of 1 ml/kg /min, p<0.001; achieved metabolic equivalent (METs) improved with magnitude of change of 0.21, p<0.001). Stress test (METs achieved improved with magnitude of change of 2.26, p<0.001; VO2 improved with magnitude of change of 5.49 ml/kg/min, p<0.001)]; as well as in muscle strength (lower limb repetitions improved with magnitude of change of 2.46 repetitions, p<0.001; upper limb repetitions improved with magnitude of change of 3.24 repetitions, p<0.001; lower limb percentile improved with magnitude of change of 18.88%, p<0.001; upper limb percentile improved with magnitude of change of 21.48%, p<0.001). Conclusion: a combined phase II cardiovascular rehabilitation exercise program could improve aerobic endurance as well as muscle strength in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: a combined phase II cardiovascular rehabilitation exercise program could improve aerobic endurance as well as muscle strength in older adults with cardiovascular disease.

This paper is concerned with the importance of virtual reality (VR) in case of readaptation in sports. It emphasizes VR’s innovative aspect of providing recovery and many other aspects associated with performance-related enhancement, injury prevention, and interdisciplinary cohesion. According to the chosen research approach, VR creates real, virtual, or simulated situations of controlled and reinforced practice where sports psychologists, health professionals, and coaches’ specialists work together. Psychosocial virtuality builds confidence, stress management, and resiliency, which may be significant factors when considering paediatric sports readaptation. It points to areas where direct attention should be given, such as security issues and the ability to play (gamification). Sports readaptation knowledge and evolution of VR with possible enhancements discussed, such as artificial intelligence integration. Within this framework, scholars utilize different sources (longitudinal studies and comparative and effectiveness research) to assess the sustained benefits of VR and analyse its strengths and limitations. The other factors which make VR widespread concern its further development into various sports disciplines, including the creation of biomechanical monitoring methods. It is promoted for the best benefit of all, including allowing everyone to use VR but not being intrusive in their activities. The manuscript highlights the innovation of VR as a paradigmatic medium for sports readaptation, with additional promises from advancements in technology, tailored care, and more high-tech solutions to achieve efficient recovery at optimum levels for athletes.

Introduction: carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity. It is characterized by hand pain, numbness, and tingling in the distribution of the median nerve. Good results are not always achieved with standard treatment; therefore, the use of extracorporeal shock waves in these patients has recently been proposed as an innovative treatment. They work by emitting acoustic waves that carry energy and can propagate through tissues.  Objective: to carry out a systematic review on the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock waves in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Method: randomized controlled clinical trials, carried out in humans, carried out in the last ten years are selected. The main database used was PubMed, through the National Library of Medicine platform.  Results: extracorporeal shock waves are effective in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The total sample was 247 patients from six studies. The frequency of administration was once a week for three weeks. The application of the treatment was safe, and no serious adverse effects will occur. It is a non- invasive treatment that is useful in the short term and is more effective compared to ultrasound, cryo- sonography and local injections of corticosteroids. Conclusions: extracorporeal shock waves improve pain, functionality, nerve conduction and distal sensory latency of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.