Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The concept of the social actor is fundamental in the social sciences for various theoretical currents and has been a topic of discussion since the 19th century. Even the emergence of anthropology as a science is linked to the interest of social scientists in unraveling the role that human behavior plays within social structures. The aim of this article is to reflect on the importance of learning to relate the content of a theoretical text with findings in ethnographic fieldwork. To achieve this, the concepts of social action, actor, agency, and support used by classic and contemporary sociological thinkers such as Max Weber, Bruno Latour, and Norman Long are presented.

  Violence against women is a worldwide incidence problem, recorded throughout history. Guatemala is not an exception to this. In March 2020, the first positive case of the new coronavirus was identified, from a Guatemalan within the national territory. In order to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Guatemala, mobility restrictions were established for the Guatemalans, during some months of the year 2020, during these periods of confinement, families were forced to stay together for a greater number of hours within their homes. With this study, the increase in violence against women in its different manifestations was determined, during the period of confinement established, for a few months of the year 2020. Data provided by the Public Ministry and the National Civil Police of Guatemala were taken in relation to the complaints filed during the years 2019 and 2020 per day and month in the department of Zacapa, since this is the department under study. In the same way, the behavior of femicide crimes was studied in the department of Zacapa without and with the confinement measures. Obtaining results where it can be observed that the confinement to which Guatemala was subject affected the increase in Violence against women in all its manifestations. Of this account, the largest number of complaints coincided with the months with the longest hours of mobility restriction.

Un recurso zoogenético es la población animal (doméstica y/o silvestre), que emplea el hombre para obtener un beneficio alimentario, económico y cultural. México es fuente de una gran diversidad de recursos zoogenéticos, por lo que el estudio y uso de estos recursos se debe realizar de manera integral, priorizando su cuidado, bienestar y producción sostenible. Derivado de esta situación se forma la Red Mexicana en Recursos Zoogenéticos A.C., la cual se ha dado a la tarea de difundir los trabajos de investigación sobre la conservación, usos y aprovechamiento de los recursos zoogenéticos, mediante congresos organizados anualmente por la misma Red desde el año 2012 a la fecha. El 14to Congreso Internacional de la Red Mexicana en Recursos Zoogenéticos, A. C. se celebrará en el Centro Universitario de los Altos, de la Universidad de Guadalajara, ubicada en Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México los días 15, 16 y 17 de octubre de 2025.

The relationship between lamb productive parameters and changes in the ruminal microbial community in response to different polyherbal mixtures in the feed was analyzed. Ruminal fluid samples were collected from finishing lambs fed polyherbal diets and their control groups in four independent experiments. The microbial community analysis of ruminal microbiota, based on sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes, showed no differences in richness and diversity caused by polyherbals. Relative abundance analysis of microbial families showed that polyherbals increased the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae (P < 0.05) and reduced that of Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.10). Microbial biomass estimated with the National Research Council model allowed us to identify some relationships with productive parameters with multiple regression. Rikenellaceae and Coriobacteriaceae were negatively related with average daily gain (ADG) in all lambs. The feed efficiency was negatively associated with methanogenic Archaea in lambs fed polyherbals, whereas in control lambs, it was negatively related to Succinivibrionaceae. Feed intake showed a positive association with the biomass of methanogenic Archaea in all lambs, and Methanobacteriaceae biomass was also associated with the consumption of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) fractions. Polyherbals increased the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and reduced that of Ruminococcaceae, without affecting richness and diversity. Methanogenic Archaea seem to play an important role in lamb performance.

Mexico City, one of the largest urban areas in the world, continues to expand into natural landscapes, threatening native biodiversity. The Sierra de Guadalupe (SG), a protected mountainous area in the city's northern region, represents a critical refuge for wildlife. However, the presence of feral mammals—particularly domestic species exhibiting wild behavior—poses serious ecological and public health risks. From February 2020 to August 2021, we conducted 20 survey walks and 255 camera-trap days across SG to assess the composition and relative abundance of medium-sized mammals. We identified nine species, with dog (Canis lupus familiaris) (24 %) emerging as the most frequently detected. Behavioral indicators—such as gregariousness, robust body condition, and lack of human proximity—suggested that many dogs exhibited feral characteristics. In contrast, species such as gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and cacomixtle (Bassariscus astutus) showed lower relative abundances, suggesting potential displacement. Species richness estimation (Chao2) confirmed that all predicted species were recorded. No significant seasonal variation in domestic animal presence was found, but spatial analysis revealed higher abundances near urban-adjacent entrances. Testimonies from local residents corroborated the presence of dog packs and reported incidents of aggression toward people, livestock, and wildlife. Our findings highlight the urgent need for ethical and ecologically informed management strategies to control feral mammal populations. Reducing their abundance will help mitigate zoonotic disease risks and support long-term conservation efforts in urban natural areas.

Asthma, a debilitating chronic inflammatory airway disorder, necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches. Equine spontaneous asthma (SEA) provides a unique, naturally occurring model, mirroring human asthma characteristics. SEA, linked to environmental factors, offers insights into inflammatory processes in equine medicine. This study explores the safety and efficacy of inhaled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) supernatant as a treatment for SEA. Methods: Supernatants obtained from equine MSCs, primed with Toll-like Receptor ligands or immune-related factor, were developed as a new SEA treatment. First, we develop a safety protocol in mice. Second, horses diagnosed with SEA underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, and respiratory mechanics were treated with polarized and non-polarized MSC supernatants. Clinical and cellular responses were monitored. Results: Polarized equine MSC supernatant were obtained and used as treatment. Respiratory mechanics in mice showed no significant differences between control and treated groups. Safety trials in horses demonstrated good clinical responses and stability in cell counts post-treatment. Polarized MSC treatment showed diverse responses, with a notable decrease in neutrophils and clinical improvement after 10 days in some horses. Conclusions: Inhaled polarized-MSC supernatant presents a potential therapeutic avenue for SEA, although specific efficacy trials to support this hypothesis are needed. Moreover, the equine model provides translational insights, offering a bridge between rodent studies and human trials, emphasizing the potential of this approach in managing human asthma.

The presence of stray dogs in a community represents a significant risk factor in the spread and maintenance of Leptospira by acting as pathogen reservoirs and potentially transmitting the bacteria to household dogs and the peri-domestic environment, increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission of the disease. Here, we utilized an indirect ELISA employing recombinant LipL32 protein to detect IgG antibodies to Leptospira in serum samples from stray dogs in Mexicali, Northwest Mexico. Serum samples (n = 331) from stray dogs were collected from 2017 to 2020 and tested with the ELISA-LipL32. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 46.52 % (154/331) over the four years, 46.36 % (51/110) in 2017, 57.95 % (51/88) in 2018, 28.85 % (15/52) in 2019, and 45.68 % (37/81) in 2020. The high prevalence of serum antibodies to Leptospira among the stray dog population indicates that Mexicali provides optimal ecological conditions for maintaining and disseminating leptospire throughout the city, increasing the risk of infection to other domestic or companion animals and the human population. Further epidemiological research is necessary to identify the serovars in the region and propose strategies to control the stray dog population and the propagation of Leptospira in the Northwest region of Mexico.

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is currently the main threat to the shrimp industry due to significant economic losses associated with shrimp mortality. The first hours of host-parasite interactions are crucial for the fate of WSSV infection, which becomes irreversible after 72 h. During this critical period, there is still a limited understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiota and the host response. In this study, we evaluated the effect of WSSV on the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamaei (Boone, 1931) at the gut microbiome level and the expression of four genes in hemocytes and hepatopancreas associated with aerobic (ATP synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) metabolism, cell pathogen internalization (AP-2), and immune response (α2M). The genes LDH and α2M were overexpressed in hemocytes and hepatopancreas, while the AP-2 gene was overexpressed only in hemocytes. In infected shrimps, we observed a positive correlation between the increase in viral load (VL), the upregulation of the genes LDH and AP-2, and the augmentation of the relative abundance of Ideonella, Actinobacter, Flavobacterium, Caldalkalibacillus, Gemmobacter, Pirellula, Metilophylus, Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomona, Methylophaga, Candidatus Bacilloplasma, and Novosphingobium. Whereas the gut microbiome in uninfected shrimps was represented by Motilimonas, Tamlana, Shimia, Spongiimonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Aeromones, and Shewanella. Results from this study contribute to understanding the intricate interplay between WSSV infection, the host response, and gut microbiota in aquaculture settings.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) [GB], green tea (Camellia sinensis) [GT], and persimmon (Diospyros kaki) [DK] leaf extracts in a mouse dry eye (DE) model. Fifty-six eyes from 28 female BALB/c mice were equally divided into the following groups: control, GB, GT, and DK (left eye groups); DE, DE + GB, DE + GT, DE + DK (right eye groups). The DE model was induced in right eye groups by topical administration of 5 µL of 0.2 % benzalkonium chloride twice daily for 14 days. A 1 % extract solution of GB, GT, and DK was instilled in the DE + GB, DE + GT, and DE + DK groups between days 15 and 30, respectively. In the DE group, only 0.9 % NaCl was instilled during this period. All groups were evaluated for aqueous tear production rate, corneal fluorescein staining, and tear break-up time (TBUT). Histopathological and Western blot analyses performed after euthanasia. On day 15, aqueous tear production decreased, corneal fluorescein staining scores increased, and TBUT was shortened in right eye groups compared to left eye groups (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, no significant differences were observed among the extract-treated DE groups regarding clinical parameters (P > 0.05).  However, based on histopathological and molecular analyses, the GT group demonstrated the most beneficial effect without side effects (P < 0.05). These results suggest that 0.1 % GT leaf extract may be a potential therapeutic agent for DE.

This study explores the impact of gradually increasing high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during the first 10 days of incubation at high altitude. Two ventilation conditions were compared. In the first, CO2 concentration gradually accumulated by the embryo's metabolism in a non-ventilated (NV) incubator during the first 10 days of embryonic development (ED10). In the second condition, the incubator was normally ventilated (V). Both treatments received V conditions for the remainder of the incubation period. The CO2 concentration in the V incubator remained at 0.13 % during the first ED10 days, whereas in the NV, the concentration gradually increased from 0.14 % to 0.9 %. Throughout the incubation, NV exhibited significantly lower (P < 0.05) embryonic mortality compared to V. Remarkably, the hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) was 10 % significantly higher (P < 0.05) in NV conditions than V group. NV conditions at high altitude (2 230 m) produced embryos with heavier yolk-free body mass and a progressive trend of lighter yolk-sac weights from ED10 day until hatch. The weight of hatchlings in the NV treatment was 43.4 g, with a length of 17.5 cm, both of which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than hatched chicks from the V group (41.5 g and 17.2 cm respectively). The NV condition at high altitude positively influenced the quality of hatchling chicks. We conclude that the NV condition, with a gradual increase of CO2 concentration during the first 10 days of incubation at high altitude, is preferable to the V conditions.