Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Proprioception is the body's ability to perceive its position and movement, which plays a crucial role in motor control, and its loss following amputation presents significant challenges for prosthesis users. Artificial Proprioception is an innovation that enhances sensory feedback and motor control in prosthetic devices. This review presents a comprehensive overview of current research and technological developments in Artificial Proprioception, focusing on sensory feedback mechanisms, neural interface systems, and the integration of biomechatronic technologies. With a growing interest in restoring sensory feedback for amputees, this work explores key innovations such as electrotactile and vibrotactile stimulation, artificial intelligence, and neural interfaces that enable a more natural and intuitive prosthetic control. The methodology included reviewing studies from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed on proprioceptive feedback in prosthetics in recent years. It evaluates research related to sensory feedback, amputation levels, neural interfaces, and technological advancements, classifying papers by feedback mechanisms. The paper concludes by discussing potential future developments, including more advanced, user-centered prosthetic devices that address the sensory needs of amputees and improve their quality of life.

The rumen environment has been biotechnologically manipulated to improve animal productivity and natural, healthy, and ecological alternatives have recently been sought for this purpose. Moringa oleifera has been tested as livestock feed because its leaves are rich in minerals, protein, and secondary metabolites. The objective was to evaluate the changes in rumen activity due to the presence of M. oleifera. Three treatments were tested: CA (control 100 % alfalfa), LM (15 % Moringa-85 % alfalfa), and HM (30 % Moringa-70 % alfalfa). The experiment was performed in vitro with sheep rumen fluid. No differences were observed (P>0.05) for pH and ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3). Dry matter digestibility differed (P<0.05) between treatments. Gas production showed differences (P<0.05) among treatments. There were differences (P<0.05) for the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). CO2 and CH4 were different between treatments (P<0.05), with LM being the lowest for both variables. It is concluded that adding moringa to a ration of alfalfa has no effect on pH and N-NH3; nevertheless, it increases the digestibility of the dry matter and decreases the concentration of VFAs and the digestibility of fibers. In addition, including 15 % of moringa in a ration of alfalfa can reduce the production of greenhouse gases. It is recommended to continue evaluating this alternative for animal nutrition.

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a noninvasive procedure for diagnosing small bowel (SB) lesions. During VCE procedures, the miniature camera captures thousands of images, requiring considerable time and effort from healthcare professionals to examine each image for abnormalities. This study aims to develop and evaluate a modified DenseNet-201 convolutional neural network (CNN) model to assist in the automatic classification of SB lesions in VCE images. A representative dataset of 5,899 images was created by merging two state-of-the-art datasets, including six types of lesions and one class without lesions. A synthetic oversampling approach generated 1,273 synthetic images for the underrepresented class. Synthetic image quality was evaluated using texture metrics. The experiment was conducted on a set of 7,172 images using data partitions of 70 %, 15 %, and 15 % for training, validation, and testing, respectively, with a Monte Carlo cross-validation to verify the consistency of the experimental results. The model achieved an accuracy of 89.78 %, a precision of 89.66 %, a sensitivity of 89.69 %, a specificity of 89.72 %, and an F1 score of 89.67 % in the test set. The modified DenseNet-201 CNN model could be a valuable tool for diagnosing SB conditions and improving patient outcomes.

Wound healing and cicatrization after tissue damage are essential for the body's recovery process. Regenerative medicine has been focused on finding biocompatible polymeric materials reinforced with natural active substances, which have healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to enhance O-carboxymethyl chitosan films with Allium cepa extracts, endemic to Chihuahua, Mexico. The extract's properties were analyzed, and the results show the saponin, flavonoid, and terpenoid contents and an antioxidant activity of 70 %. Cicatrization in vitro was also studied, and the results show that a 15 mg/mL concentration of the Allium cepa extracts improved cellular proliferation and migration in fibroblasts, which was further confirmed in a cellular viability study of the O-carboxymethyl chitosan films loaded with 7 and 20 wt. % of the extract, which showed a higher percentage of cellular viability after three days. The study's results suggest that low extract concentrations can be used as an active ingredient in polymeric biomaterials to aid skin cicatrization.

Dynamic noise, due to its variability and intensity, prevents conventional peak detection methods in ECG and PPG signals based on fixed thresholds from performing effectively in wearable devices. The inflexibility of these fixed thresholds results in low sensitivity and positive predictive value. Therefore, this study proposes a specific delineation algorithm with an adaptive threshold based on the Two-Stage Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) model, focusing on flexibility, precision, robustness against strong dynamic noise, and low computational load. The proposed algorithm demonstrated robust performance under high SNR conditions (24 dB and 18 dB), achieving 100 % sensitivity and positive predictive value. Under moderate noise conditions (12 dB), the algorithm maintained a high sensitivity of 99.39 % and a positive predictive value of 98.18 %, with a delineation error rate (DER) of 2.43 %. Even under low SNR conditions (6 dB), the algorithm significantly outperformed fixed-threshold-based approaches, which exhibited error rates exceeding 50 %. Furthermore, the algorithm was validated using a mathematical model to estimate blood pressure based on pulse transit time, with signals from the MIMIC database. The results showed a mean error of -1.422 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 0.577 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), with standard deviations of 4.668 mmHg and 2.888 mmHg, respectively, meeting the standards of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI).

The present study aims to evaluate various classification algorithms for data pertaining to subjects diagnosed with depression and non-depressive subjects. To this end, the data obtained from the "depresjon" dataset proposed by Garcia-Ceja, E., et al were analyzed. This dataset comprises motor activity recorded by the Actiwatch device (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd, England, model AW4). Predictions were made using various machine learning models, including synthetic data. Subsequently, metrics such as specificity, sensitivity, and precision were compared. The results highlight the best features of the data and the best machine learning model (using an ensemble model) for classifying potential depressive episodes in activity during the afternoon and night, with a precision of 96.6 %, sensitivity of 100 %, and specificity of 93.33 %.

Background: according to EUA and AUA guidelines, intradetrusor botulinum toxin A (TxBA) is a first-line alternative in cases of therapeutic failure, contraindications, intolerance to medication due to adverse effects, or refusal of conservative treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). Objective: to assess the impact on visit frequency and the clinical and urodynamic characteristics of patients over 18 years of age undergoing intradetrusor botulinum toxin application in a functional urology service in Barcelona, Spain. Patients and methods: descriptive, retrospective, observational study analyzing the medical records of patients undergoing botulinum toxin application, with a 2-year follow-up. Medical records were reviewed, and follow-up calls were made to all patients. Prior informed consent were signed, the medical records were reviewed, and follow-up calls were made to all patients. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, statistical significance p value < 0.05. Results: total of 23 non-neurogenic patients were studied, 62.5 % (15) women and 34.8 % (8) men, with a mean age of 63.52 ± 3.3 years. Prior to the application of TxBA, 78.3 % (18) had received anticholinergic treatment, and 47.8 % (11) had been treated with Mirabegron. The mean number of medical visits per year before TxBA was 4.0. Pre-TxBA evaluations showed a mean bladder capacity of 110.2 ± 25 ml, a daytime voiding frequency of 1.7 hours, and 2.86 nocturnal episodes per night. After a mean follow-up period of 12.21 months post-TxBA application, medical visits were reduced to 2.24 visits per year (p = 0.001). Symptomatic assessment revealed an increase in mean daytime voiding frequency to 2.8 ± 0.7 hours, accompanied by a decrease in nocturnal episodes to 1.9 ± 0.8 per night, both showing statistically significant reductions (p=0.001) Conclusion: the application of intradetrusor botulinum toxin leads to a reduction in visit frequency in patients with overactive bladder. It is a safe procedure with few complications and symptom improvement.

Case description: a 41-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department for penetrating pelvic trauma due to a firearm projectile. He required exploratory laparotomy in which a bladder and rectal injury was found, both grade V, performing initially repair with primary closure of the bladder and rectum. In the post-surgical follow-up, an abnormal communication was found between the bladder, rectum and soft tissues of the gluteal region. He was protocolized for laparoscopic repair of vesico-rectal fistula. Relevance: in Mexico, gunshot wounds represent the most common cause of penetrating abdominal trauma. Injuries to the involved organs retain a high risk of developing subsequent fistulas. Clinical implications: to our knowledge, this review represents the first report of minimally invasive management of bladder-rectal fistula of post-traumatic origin. Conclusions: penetrating trauma is an increasingly frequent cause of urinary tract injury, and the development of complications implies a considerable impact on patients' quality of life. The management of urinary fistulas secondary to trauma is not well standardized. This report demonstrates the feasibility of laparoscopic approach for the resolution of vesicorectal fistulas.

Case report: 35-year-old female patient with no relevant history. She presents with lower urinary tract symptoms starting with decreased urinary stream caliber, straining sensation when urinating, urgency, urinary tract infections and dyspareunia. Surgical intervention for clinical resolution. Relevance: leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin affecting smooth muscle. It is a clinically frequent entity in gynecologic patients, typically manifesting in the uterus. However, it is important to highlight that its eventual presentation in other anatomical sites has been documented, being the paraurethral location an exceptional entity in this context. Clinical implications: the surgical approach is established as the therapeutic modality par excellence, since it not only effectively resolves the clinical picture, but also exhibits a low recurrence rate, accompanied by minimal side effects associated with its execution. Conclusion: paraurethral leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of exceptional character, but of crucial recognition, highlighting the obstructive symptoms. These symptoms are intrinsically linked to the location and size of the tumor. This situation can have significant consequences on renal functionality and health, since, if not identified in time, it can lead to postrenal acute kidney injury.

Clinical case: a 51-year-old female patient, with a history of controlled type 2 Diabetes mellitus, reported diaphoresis, headache, fine tremors of 6 months' duration, grade I obesity, stretch marks on the abdominal wall and cortisol of 1189 μg/dL. A CT scan showed an increase in the size of both adrenal glands. Patient with clinical data of Cushing's syndrome, it was decided to perform laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, without complications. During follow-up, there was a significant decrease in cortisol and she was asymptomatic with significant improvement. Relevance: primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PHAMBP) is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome less than 2 % and is often diagnosed by bilateral adrenal incidentalomas with hypercortisolism. Characterized by bilateral benign adrenal macronodules larger than 1 cm responsible for elevated cortisol levels. In this report we describe a case of this condition undergoing unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Clinical implications: the importance lies in a multidisciplinary approach to make a correct diagnosis, to avoid the progression of symptoms with the possibility of clinical and biochemical remission with adrenalectomy. Conclusions: unilateral resection of the largest adrenal gland can result in clinical and biochemical remission in >90 % of cases, with laparoscopic adrenalectomy being the treatment of choice.